The financial and market disruptions are affecting more people than those in or near retirement. While years from their own retirements, young investors are viewing the recent market turmoil and concluding that the financial markets are not for them. They are reducing 401 (k) contributions, taking early withdrawals, and deciding it is better to spend than to save. They worry that investing the little money they have will cause it to disappear.

Traditionally it is tough to convince young people to save. Recent events make it harder. Young investors should view this crisis as an opportunity. They have the most valuable asset: time. They can 10% buy assets today at prices that are the lowest in years and will appear cheap in the future. They should not try to wait for a bottom in the markets and should assume it won’t occur for a while, perhaps years. But they do not have to worry when the markets find a bottom. What matters is that quality assets purchased today will be much more valuable when they want to retire.

Young investors should follow Warren Buffett’s example. He was criticized for amassing cash during the boom years. Recently, he has been investing that cash, having his companies take positions in Constellation Energy, Goldman Sachs, and GE. For the longterm investor who does not need current income from the portfolio, this is a good time to buy quality assets.

The best time to invest is when others are selling in a panic. An investor who can hold for the long term benefits by purchasing at times such as these.

Before investing, however, young investors need to learn lessons from those who recently suffered big losses. Lesson number one is to avoid what seem like the big, easy gains. These usually are very risky investments that depend on everything going in the right direction. If something goes wrong, the result often is not a temporary decline in price but a permanent loss of capital. Avoid large losses.

A related lesson is to avoid debt and leverage. These tools can increase returns when investments are profitable. But they also can result in permanent loss of capital if the asset’s price declines, even when the decline is only temporary.

Time already gives young investors the most valuable leverage. They do not need to take the risk of adding debt to add leverage. A useful tool for young investors is my 70%/2% formula. This was discussed in past VISitS. When someone invests over decades, the compounded returns will be so great that they will account for most of the portfolio. The formula says that when a young person begins investing early, after less than 30 years over 70% of the portfolio will be generated by compounded market returns as  shown in the chart. Annual contributions of $3,000 builds to a portfolio of over $900,000 after 40 years at an 8% annualized return.

Here is what young investors should be doing today.
• Increase contributions to 401 (k) accounts and other investment plans. Do not reduce them.
• Do not lose the employer match. Even if cash is tight, try to contribute at least enough to the 40I(k) plan to earn the maximum employer matching contribution.
• If additional cash flow is available, contribute to other tax-advantaged accounts.

The best option for eligible taxpayers is to contribute to a Roth IRA.
• Don’t let student loans or other debts be an excuse to delay or reduce contributions to taxadvantaged investment plans. Pay for your essential expenses, then pay debts, then contribute to investment plans. Other spending should be considered only after those priorities are taken care of.
• Don’t be intimidated by being a small investor. Employer plans allow minimum contributions of almost any amount. There still are mutual funds, such as Russman Strategic Growth, that have low initial contributions. If you don’t have enough money to meet these minimums, save money in a bank savings or checking account until you meet the minimum level for an investment account.

In the wake of turbulence in the financial markets, it’s worth reviewing the legal protections available for assets held by banks, credit unions, and securities dealers.

Bank/savings and loan deposit accounts

Generally, deposit accounts at banks and savings and loans insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) are insured up to $250,000 per depositor per bank. FDIC insurance covers checking, NOW, and savings accounts; money market deposit accounts; and time deposits, such as certificates
of deposit (CDs). It does not cover mutual funds, stocks, bonds, life insurance policies, annuities, or other securities, even if they were bought through an FDIC-insured bank.

You can’t increase your protection simply by opening more than one account in your name at the same bank (for example, splitting the money between a checking and a savings account, or opening accounts at different branches of the same bank). However, deposits that represent different categories of ownership may be independently insured. For example, a joint account qualifies for up to $250,000 of coverage for each person named as a joint owner. That coverage is in addition to the $250,000 maximum coverage for each person’s aggregated single-owner accounts at that bank. For example, a married couple with three accounts at one bank–they each have $250,000 in an individual account, and they also have $200,000 in a joint accountwould qualify for FDIC insurance on the entire $700,000.

The limit on the amount protected in one or more retirement accounts at one bank also is $250,000; this is separate from the $250,000 coverage of individual accounts. (Remember, however, that FDIC insurance applies only to deposit accounts, not to any securities held in an IRA or other retirement account.)

Understanding your money market fund

An investment in a money market mutual fund is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1 per share, it is possible to lose money by investing in the fund.

However, if a money market fund participates in the U.S. Treasury’s temporary guarantee program, the Treasury guarantees its $1 per share value through December 18, 2008. The guarantee applies only to assets held in a fund as of the close of business September 19, 2008, or to shares held in the fund when a guarantee payment is made, whichever is less. You cannot acquire insurance for investments made after September 19. You can contact your fund to find out whether it partiCipates in the Treasury program. And before investing in a mutual fund, carefully consider its investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses, which are contained in the prospectus available from the fund. Read the prospectus carefully before investing.

There also may be additional safety nets. In some states, a state-chartered savings bank is required to have additional insurance to cover any losses beyond the FDIC limits. Some banks also may participate in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS), which enables a bank to spread large CD deposits among multiple banks while keeping the amount at each individual bank, including the original bank, within FDIC insurance limits. According to the FDIC, no depositor has ever lost a penny of funds that were covered by FDIC insurance. An online calculator at the FDIC’s website, www.fdic.gov, can help you estimate the total FDIC coverage on your deposit accounts.

Credit unions

Member share accounts at most credit unions are insured by the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF). It is administered by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), which like the FDIC is an independent agency of the federal government and is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. (Some credit unions are not federally insured but are overseen by state regulators; they typically have private credit insurance.)

NCUSIF insurance is similar to FDIC insurance; it covers share accounts, share certificates, and share draft accounts but not investment products sold through a credit union. It covers single-owner accounts up to $250,000 per customer per institution. Retirement accounts such as IRAs and Keoghs have separate coverage up to $250,000. As with bank deposit accounts, independent coverage may be available for different categories of ownership. You can estimate your existing coverage by using the calculator at the NCUA’s website (www.ncua.gov).

Brokerage accounts and SIPC

Most brokerage accounts are covered by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). Unlike the FDIC, the SIPC is not a government agency but a nonprofit corporation funded by broker-dealers registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. (A non-SIPC member must disclose that fact.)

SIPC was created by Congress in 1970 to help return customer property if a broker-dealer or clearing firm experiences insolvency, unauthorized trading, or securities that are lost or missing from a customer’s account. Many brokerages also extend coverage beyond the SIPC limits with additional private insurance. If a member firm became insolvent, SIPC would typically either act as trustee or ask a court to appoint a trustee to supervise transfer of customer securities and cash. The SEC requires brokerages and clearing firms to segregate customer accounts from their proprietary assets and funds.

SIPC covers a maximum of $500,000 per individual account (including up to $100,000 in cash) at a given firm. As with banks, total coverage can be higher for multiple accounts at one institution. For example, a married couple could have two individual accounts with $500,000 worth of coverage each, plus a joint account that would bring their aggregated coverage for that firm to $1.5 million. Each of your retirement accounts at a firm also is generally eligible for another $500,000 of SIPC coverage (including up to $100,000 in cash).

SIPC doesn’t protect against market risk or price fluctuations. If shares lose value before a trustee is appointed, that loss of value is not covered by SIPC. In general, SIPC covers notes, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and other shares in investment companies. It does not cover investments that are not registered
with the SEC, such as certain investment contracts, limited partnerships, fixed annuity contracts, currency, gold, silver, commodity futures contracts, or commodities options.

Regardless of where you have your money, it can pay to understand just how it’s protected.

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Prepared by Forefield Inc, Copyright 2008