The best estate planning begins early and is usually sparked or adjusted by major transitions in life – when a marriage is beginning or breaking up, when a baby’s on the way, or when a major career change or inheritance increases an individual’s assets or the assets of an entire family.

It’s important to coordinate financial planning with estate planning because what you do with your money today will have a direct impact on the estate your heirs will receive years from now. It all starts with basic spending and planning goals. Here’s a general road map to that process:

Start with a trained financial planner: Whether you plan to stay single, remarry or move in with a new partner, it’s good to get a baseline look at your finances as early as possible before estate planning can begin. A CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional can help you review your new current spending and savings needs, compare strategies to achieve long-term goals, such as college and retirement and give you critical tools to protect your assets and loved ones if you die suddenly.

Talk with a trained estate attorney about wills and other critical documents: True, there are software programs and other kit solutions available to write basic wills, powers of attorney and certain simple trust agreements. These packages offer short-term

savings but have the potential for greater costs in the long run if you choose the wrong

package or fail to follow all instructions to the letter. It makes more sense to coordinate

your financial planner’s activities with an estate attorney who can tailor an overall estate plan specific to your needs. Even if you are very young with few assets, get some solid advice in this area so you’ll be able to manage and adapt such planning as you age and your finances get more complex. It’s usually a good idea to revisit your estate plan every five years or whenever you have a major life change.

Make a guardianship game plan for your kids: It’s not enough to plan how money and assets will go to your children if you or your spouse die suddenly or are incapacitated. If your children are minors, it’s particularly important to make sure you and your spouse have a guardianship plan for their upbringing as well as any assets they may inherit. You should give your chosen guardians a road map on how to handle the assets you leave behind. You should also ask your proposed guardians before you name them, while you still have the chance to name someone else if your first choice is unable or unwilling to carry out that responsibility. If there are any trust or wealth issues that will become effective for your children once they reach adulthood, it’s important to establish an efficient legal structure, such as a trust created under your will for distributing those assets A trust under your will would name a trustee who can train and guide your kids through that financial transition.

Plan for kids who have special needs: If one of your children is disabled and is expected to need lifetime assistance of some type, then you should consult a qualified attorney to help you create a special needs trust. It will help protect your child from having to give up any public or social financial assistance as well as access to special doctors, medical help, specific prescriptions or treatments that could be taken away if they were to personally inherit assets that would disqualify them for these programs. When such assets are held in a properly designed special needs trust, they are not counted as the child’s assets. The advantage is that those trust assets may still be used to support their housing or other personal living needs.

Get solid insurance protection in place: If you are married or are single with a child to care for, you really should consider purchasing insurance that will cover any eventuality. Not only will adequate life insurance benefit your family, but you and your family will also benefit from adequate health, property/casualty and disability insurance. If you’re newly single, you need the best health coverage you can afford for yourself and your kids, but life, property, liability and disability insurance becomes doubly important, particularly if you failed to address those needs during the divorce. Even if your ex-spouse is cooperative with financial support, it’s wise to insure yourself as if they weren’t. A qualified financial planner should be able to review those options in detail.

Review all your investments for primary ownership and beneficiary information: While you are married, appropriate designation of property as separate, joint, or (if applicable) community property can provide legal, tax and asset protection advantages. In a divorce situation, even if you were advised correctly to change the names on assets you and your spouse were dividing between yourselves, you should perform a post-divorce to review that the ownership names and beneficiary designations are indeed correct on those assets. And most importantly, to make sure all beneficiary information is correct.

Plan for multigenerational issues: For individuals and couples with elderly parents and/or young kids starting out on their own, it might be smart to do a multi-generational estate checkup at the same time. Why? Because in families with significant assets or other pressing financial issues involving businesses or dependents, each generation’s wishes for the dispersal of shared or personal assets should be documented legally and shared with all the relevant parties. In some families, this may mean the future of a multigenerational family business, perhaps one of the most complex estate issues any family will face. For other families, the assets may consist mainly of cash, property and other investments, but similar problems can occur when all the parties aren’t on the same page about who will get what, how and when they will get it, and who is in charge during the process.

Activate trusts and other estate transfer mechanisms: It is surprising how often estate attorneys and other people in the advisory process fail to get their clients to actually title assets in the name of living trusts and other mechanisms to transfer wealth. It’s not enough to set these mechanisms up – get step-by-step instruction on what needs to be done to make them effective.

Make sure your health and financial representatives know your wishes: Often people tell a close friend or relative that they have been given power of attorney over health and financial decisions of a loved one, but there’s no further effort to share those wishes or show them what their legal documents specifically instruct them to do. Both sides should go over this information as soon as the person agrees to be the other’s representative.

December 2009 — This column is produced by the Financial Planning Association, the membership organization for the financial planning community, and is provided by Martin V Higgins, CFP,CLU, AEP, a local member of FPA.

As the holidays approach, plenty of couples think about marriage. That includes older couples with kids, accumulated assets and debts and previous marriages behind them.

That’s why marriages for older individuals require a specific sort of planning. For couples making another effort at marriage, a prenuptial agreement can either set the groundwork for a new and trusting relationship or reveal that money issues may prevent the marriage from working well.

It’s actually not the agreement by itself that makes the difference – it’s the way the couple gets the agreement down on paper. When two parties sit down to formalize a prenuptial agreement with their respective mediators or attorneys, it requires both sides to make full disclosure of their current financial situation and long-term money goals.

Prenuptial agreements can be considerably more complex for couples making a repeat trip down the aisle. Money issues are not just a matter of full disclosure between two people – in remarriage, they can affect a much wider audience including aging parents, siblings and children and ex-spouses from previous marriages. In some cases, there are sizable business and personal assets gathered before the upcoming wedding day that must be protected.

It is always wise to consult a financial advisor such as a CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER ™ professional to set the ground rules for this process, though legal documents that hold up in court generally need review by respective family law and estate attorneys.

Here are the primary issues any remarrying couple should discuss ahead of a formal engagement:

Families first: Blended families bring their own financial complications. Indeed, if couples are bringing children from previous marriages into a blended family, it’s necessary to establish not only how they will be supported and educated, but also what percentage of the family assets they will be entitled to in case their biological parent dies. There may be alimony and other support arrangements already in place for ex-spouses and children from earlier marriages as well as elderly parents to support. All of these financial requirements need to be understood and spelled out beforehand.

Is there debt? And if so, how much?

The first money conversation should take place at a table with both sides showing their credit reports, savings, investments and debt figures – every dime. Both should start the process of talking about how that debt should be paid off – by the person who accrued it, or by both potential spouses. Couples also need to decide how they will handle debt going forward – jointly or separately.

What about investments?

If so, how will they be handled once the couple is married? Will these investments be held after the marriage is in joint tenancy? Are some of the investments promised to children, ex-spouses or other family members? From a tax or estate perspective, does it make sense to do anything specific with those assets before the wedding? And after the wedding – assuming debt is being dealt with – how will you maximize those investments?

What about company assets?

If one or both spouses run their own companies or partnerships, it’s a huge planning priority. That’s particularly true if other family members work for their respective companies. Depending on the size and complexity of the operation, some advisors might encourage couples to go through a formal valuation process of those assets to establish a base of wealth going into the marriage. A prenup could spell out who will get future percentages of those assets if the couple splits – this is particularly necessary if the goal is to keep the company in the hands of the founding family.

Handling daily expenses:

This is a universal question in any marriage, the first or the sixth. Couples need to agree on how they’ll share accounts and pay bills. The most common option is to create one joint account. Others work with three accounts – one joint and then one for each individual.

What about insurance?

Life, health, home, and disability – all coverage that singles hold separately needs to be reviewed and consolidated to make sure the couples and their families have adequate coverage after the wedding.

What about our estates?

Blended families with means produce a surprisingly complex estate picture. Engaged couples need to begin addressing this need before the wedding. A qualified estate attorney who understands the variety of estate issues affecting the assets, business issues and philanthropic commitments of blended families is a particularly good investment and can work with financial planners, tax attorneys and accountants to create an estate plan for the couple that makes sense and minimizes conflict among heirs.

What about retirement?

Retirement discussions go beyond money. Couples should decide how they want to live in retirement, whether they’ll continue to work and what will happen if one or both get sick. This is a particularly important discussion if one spouse is significantly older than the other and may retire years ahead. There needs to be a close look at what retirement assets have been accumulated by both parties and how they’ll be shared during the marriage and after the death of one or both of the spouses.

What about our tax status?

It makes sense for couples to consider their tax status before they marry, particularly if there are sizable business or personal assets being brought into the marriage or past tax liabilities. In any event, remarrying couples should involve a tax expert in all pre-marital financial planning.

November 2009 — This column is produced by the Financial Planning Association, the membership organization for the financial planning community, and is provided by Martin V Higgins, CFP, CLU, AEP, a local member of FPA.